Stephen Downes publicó hace muy poco vía Ustream una pequeña introducción a esto del Conectivismo, que he resumido a partir de unas sencillas preguntas que dan buena cuenta de lo que se va a tratar a lo largo del CCK08. En plan repositorio, aquí van, con las notas personales que he tomado viendo el video (no son transcripciones, sino traducciones libres).
¿Qué es el Conectivismo?
Es una teoría del conocimiento. (A kind of knowledge theory)
¿Y a cuento de qué necesitamos nosotros otra teoría del conocimiento? Tenemos un montón, y muchas son muy buenas.
Simplemente porque el conectivismo no trata sólo del conocimiento. El conectivismo relaciona el aprendizaje con la tecnología, y trata de las nuevas formas de entender el aprendizaje.
¿Y cómo entiende entonces el conectivismo qué es el conocimiento?
Lo fundamental para entender el conectivismo es comprender que el conocimiento no es una cosa. Las teorías que han tratado el conocimiento hasta ahora están basadas en teorías psicológicas que no son suficientes para entender cómo comprendemos el conocimiento. Simplemente porque el conocimiento no es proposicional. El conocimiento no está compuesto por oraciones, sino por conexiones e interacciones. El conocimiento es, literalmente, la conexión entre entidades: aparece cuando dos entidades se conectan. La teoría conectivista pretende describir cómo se producen estas conexiones y cómo crecen y se desarrollan en la sociedad.
¿A qué se refiere el conectivismo cuando habla de “entidades”?
La teoría conectivista habla de learning things (¿alguna traducción adecuada? ¿aprendientes?): entidades entre las que se establecen conexiones. Se dice que dos entidades estan conectadas cuando una puede cambiar el estado de otra. En este sentido, se consideran learning things desde individuos a ordenadores, pasando por comunidades y sociedades.
Entonces, ¿qué es aprender? ¿cómo aprenden estas entidades?
El aprendizaje no se transmite. No es significado que traspase ni transfiera. Simplemente porque el conocimiento no tiene significado, no es algo que pueda transmitirse. El conocimiento, ya lo hemos dicho, no está compuesto de oraciones. En un sentido estricto, el conocimiento es la conexión entre dos entidades. Y si dos conexiones son idénticas entonces tienen el mismo conocimiento. Este aspecto de la teoría, claro, tendrá que ser matizado más adelante, cuando se introduzca la noción de perceptor, ya que se sostendrá que algo es conocido (percibido / known) sólo si es re-conocido (recognised) por una entidad.
¿Qué ocurre entonces cuando aprendemos?
En el proceso de aprendizaje puede entenderse como el proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo de redes entre entidades. Éste crecimiento y desarrollo se produce a través de asociaciones, definidas como el mecanismo que describe cómo las conexiones construyen conocimiento.
El conectivismo, así, como teoría del conocimiento, se ocupa fundamentalmente de describir cómo las redes crecen y se desarrollan, cómo evolucionan, tienen éxito, y cómo los individuos pueden confiar en ellas.
El video completo:
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